Bolstered by US-led air strikes, they eventually prevailed and expelled jihadist forces from Kobane in January The Kurdish people are an ethnic group from the Middle East, sharing the same language and cultural identity.
They are culturally and linguistically related to the Iranians. The Kurds inhabit a contiguous ,square-kilometre area spanning four different countries — southeastern Turkey, northern Iraq, northern Syria and northwestern Iran. There is no ethnic census on the Kurds by country, but estimates indicate that they form a population of between 20 and 40 million.
There are 15 million Kurds in Turkey, 7 to 8 million in Iran and 1 to 2 million in Syria. The largest Kurdish diaspora community is in Europe.
According to the Paris Kurdish Institute , there are between 1. Another 50, Kurds live in the US and more than 25, in Canada. But there is also a minority of Kurds who are Shiite Muslims in Iran and southern Iraq, where an estimated 20, returned after the fall of Saddam Hussein. However, there is no such state recognised by international law. Their traditional homeland, Kurdistan, was forcibly broken up through centuries of political turmoil in the Middle East.
The land that was once Kurdistan is currently divided along the borders of Iran, Turkey, Iraq, and Syria. The Kurds who inhabit this land have suffered from persecution for centuries. As early as the 16th century, Kurds were subject to a program of relocation and deportation as punishment for rebellion against the Safavid dynasty.
Kurds have never achieved nation-state status, making Kurdistan a non-governmental region and one of the largest stateless nations in the world. Portions of the region are recognized by two countries: Iran, where the province of Kordestan lies; and northern Iraq, site of the autonomous region known as Kurdistan Regional Government KRG or Iraqi Kurdistan. The Peshmerga is a more than ,strong national military force which protects Iraqi Kurdistan , and includes female fighters.
It calls for the recognition of new independent states, including an autonomous Kurdistan. It is never ratified. In the final treaty marking the conclusion of World War I, the Allies drop demands for an autonomous Turkish Kurdistan. The Kurdish region is eventually divided among several countries. When the uprising is defeated, Barzani and his forces retreat to Kurdish areas in Iran and align with nationalist fighters under the leadership of Qazi Muhammad. It is blamed on Arab nationalists.
Within two weeks, the Iraqi government dissolves the Kurdish Democratic Party. Kurdish is recognized as an official language, and an amendment to the constitution states: "the Iraqi people is made up of two nationalities: the Arab nationality and the Kurdish nationality. Iraq gives up claims to the Shatt-al-Arab waterway, while Iran agrees to end its support of the independence seeking Kurds. The following year, PUK takes up an armed campaign against the Iraqi government. Into the s, Kurds are forcibly removed from the Iranian border as Kurds are suspected of aiding Iranian forces during the Iran-Iraq War.
The conflict eventually spreads to Iran, Iraq and Syria. Iraqi forces destroy more than 4, villages in Kurdistan. It is believed that some , Kurds were killed. Thousands of people are believed to have died in the attack. There is a mass exodus of Kurds out of Iraq as more than a million flee into Turkey and Iran.
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