And the sudden change in air pressure would lead to a nasty case of the bends, as if you were scuba diving and came up too fast. Fortunately, incidents like these are extremely rare. Holes most often appear in military aircraft that have been struck by bullets or explosives, though there have been civilian examples. In , for example, Aloha Airlines flight lost a large section if its roof at 24, feet. One flight attendant was blown out of the plane and died.
In events like these, the sucking force originates from a difference in pressure between the cabin environment and the outdoor one. At a cruising altitude of 30, feet, pressure outside of the plane is about two and a half times lower than what passengers experience on the inside.
When a hole forms, a strong tendency to equalize creates a rushing tunnel of wind, like water flowing through a hose. In sections of the plane that are far from the hole, winds might be mild enough to simply whisk papers around. Not only would you lose pressure, but a ton of debris would be sucked toward the window. A suspected bomb exploded on a commercial flight over Somalia, ripping a hole in the side of the plane large enough that a man was sucked out and died. In the worst-case scenario, it is possible for the sudden loss of pressure caused by a hole in an airplane to cause a violent explosion.
Explosive decompression events are more common than you might think: happen each year. In , a small section of the roof ruptured on Aloha Airlines Flight The cockpit door was missing, and the captain reported seeing "blue sky where the first-class ceiling had been.
A flight attendant was sucked out of the plane and died. It may seem less dramatic than a single, violent explosion, but a slow leak in atmosphere can actually be more dangerous. That's because, while a large hole ripping in an airplane can suck a few unbelted passengers out of the craft, a slow leak can go unnoticed until it's too late and the entire plane crashes, killing everyone on board.
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Sudden high-altitude decompression after a blow out in the Learjet 35 was one theory put forward to explain the crash. In Alaska Airlines flight was forced to turn back to Seattle 20 minutes after takeoff when a crease in the side of the aircraft became a by centimetre hole, causing the cabin to lose pressure.
Fortunately the MD plane was quickly stabilised and landed safely. An investigation found the crease had been caused by baggage handlers who had bumped the fuselage with loading equipment.
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