Genetics Home Reference has merged with MedlinePlus. Learn more. The information on this site should not be used as a substitute for professional medical care or advice. Contact a health care provider if you have questions about your health. Lung cancer. From Genetics Home Reference. Description Lung cancer is a disease in which certain cells in the lungs become abnormal and multiply uncontrollably to form a tumor.
Frequency In the United States, lung cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer, after breast cancer , accounting for about one-quarter of all cancer diagnoses. Causes Cancers occur when genetic mutations build up in critical genes, specifically those that control cell growth and division proliferation or the repair of damaged DNA. Inheritance Most cases of lung cancer are not related to inherited genetic changes. Other Names for This Condition Cancer of bronchus Cancer of the lung Lung malignancies Lung malignant tumors Lung neoplasms Malignant lung tumor Malignant neoplasm of lung Malignant tumor of lung Pulmonary cancer Pulmonary carcinoma Pulmonary neoplasms Respiratory carcinoma.
Research Studies from ClinicalTrials. Small cell lung cancer: where do we go from here? Epub Oct Comprehensive molecular profiling of lung adenocarcinoma. Epub Jul 9. Erratum in: Nature. Rogers, K [corrected to Rodgers, K]. Lung cancer in never smokers--a review.
Eur J Cancer. Epub Mar J Natl Compr Canc Netw. Treatment of stage I and II non-small cell lung cancer: Diagnosis and management of lung cancer, 3rd ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Small cell lung cancer. KRAS mutations in lung cancer.
Clin Lung Cancer. Epub Nov 1. J Mol Diagn. Epub Apr 4. Erratum in: J Mol Diagn. Arch Pathol Lab Med. Epub Apr 3. Erratum in: Arch Pathol Lab Med. J Thorac Oncol. Peripheral carcinoids develop in the smaller airways on the edges of the lungs and they too are almost always typical carcinoids. Lung carcinoid tumors are most often treated by surgery. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy may be used as adjunct therapies or if surgery is not possible.
Mediastinal tumors are rare tumors that develop in the mediastinum, the area of the chest that separates the lungs. It is surrounded by the breastbone in front and spine in the back. They can be benign or cancerous, forming from any tissue that exists or passes through the chest cavity. Most mediastinal tumors in children are benign while many mediastinal tumors in adults are cancerous. Because they are located in the chest cavity where the heart and major arteries are or near the spinal cord in back, both benign and malignant tumors must be treated.
Germ cell tumors: These cancers are very treatable and often curable. They develop from reproductive cells and are more often found in the reproductive systems of both men and women. When found outside the reproductive system, they may also be called extragonadal germ cell tumors. How these cells move from the reproductive system to the mediastinum is not currently known.
Lymphomas: These malignant tumors start in the lymphatic system and include Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The lymphatic system is a complex network of capillaries, thin vessels, valves, ducts, nodes and organs that helps to protect and maintain the fluid environment of the body by filtering and draining lymph.
In rare case, lymphoma can originate in the lungs. Teratomas: These malignant tumors are made of cysts that contain one or more layers of embryonic cells. The layers are called ectoderms, mesoderms and endoderms. A rare cancer, teratomas occur most often in young men in their twenties and thirties.
The tumors are most often located in the chest area. By the time the cancer is diagnosed, they have often spread. A number of other cancers are often associated with these tumors, including:.
Thymomas: Thymomas and thymic carcinoma are rare cancers in which cancerous cells form on the outside of the thymus, a small organ in the upper chest that makes white blood cells. Thymomas are rarely malignant, grow slowly and don't often spread beyond the thymus. Thymoma is linked with myasthenia gravis and other autoimmune diseases diseases that cause the immune system to attack healthy cells and tissue. Thymic carcinomas grow more quickly and have usually spread by the time the cancer is diagnosed.
People with thymoma often have autoimmune diseases as well. Lung Nodules Lung nodules are small masses of tissue. The three main kinds of non-small cell lung cancer are named for the type of cells in the tumor: Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer in the United States and usually begins along the outer sections of the lungs. Small Cell Lung Cancer Almost all cases of small cell lung cancer are due to cigarette smoking.
There are two different types of small cell lung cancer: Small cell carcinoma oat cell cancer; most small cell lung cancers are of the oat cell type Combined small cell carcinoma Surgery is most commonly used in non-small cell lung cancers and less frequently in small cell lung cancer, which tends to spread more quickly to other parts of the body. Mesothelioma Mesothelioma is a rare cancer of the chest lining, most often caused by asbestos exposure.
Most people who develop mesothelioma worked in places where they inhaled asbestos particles. Chest Wall Tumors Chest wall tumors are rare. Types of Chest Wall Tumors Tumors found in the chest wall are also categorized by whether they are primary tumors starting in the chest wall or metastatic tumors spread to the chest wall from cancer that started elsewhere, such as in the breast.
Metastasized Cancer Some cancers in the lung are the result of pulmonary metastasis — cancer that began in another part of the body and spread to the lung through the lymphatic system or bloodstream. Transfer of a Grant. Grant Closeout. Cancer Training at NCI.
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