From a peak population of 33, in the population dropped rapidly. A decline in the BHP iron and steel industry since also impacted employment. The BHP long products division was divested in to form OneSteel which is the sole producer of rail and steel sleepers in Australia.
From northern South Australia enjoyed a mining boom and Whyalla found itself well placed to benefit from new ventures, being situated on the edge of the Gawler Craton. The city experienced an economic upturn with the population slowly increasing and the unemployment rate falling to a more typical level. In late the Whyalla City Council began planning for a new industrial estate close to the One Steel Whyalla plant.
As of from September, , infrastructure works are in progress so that roads, electricity, water and other essential services are in place for the industrial estate. Stage 1 is almost sold out and many big name players have bought parcels of land within this estate. A narrow gauge so-called tramway was built to Iron Knob to supply iron ore originally used as flux when smelting copper ore. This ore became the basis of the steelworks.
To enable interchange between the BHP's other steelworks in Newcastle and Port Kembla of specialised rollingstock, the railway system within the Whyalla steelworks was converted to standard gauge circa Although the steelworks produced railway rail, for several decades there was no railway connection to the mainland system. Finally in , a standard gauge link to Port Augusta was completed. Some iron ore is exported from Whyalla. This ore became the basis of the steelworks.
To enable interchange between the BHP's other steelworks in Newcastle and Port Kembla of specialised rollingstock, the railway system within the Whyalla steelworks was converted to standard gauge circa Although the steelworks produced railway rail, for several decades there was no railway connection to the mainland system.
Finally in , the standard gauge Whyalla line to Port Augusta was completed. Some iron ore is exported from Whyalla. In , steps were being taken to export iron ore mined at Peculiar Knob near Coober Pedy , km away. To meet this increased demand, a balloon loop was installed in at the port for both gauges.
Whyalla is served by Whyalla Airport, with Regional Express flying into Whyalla from Adelaide a number of times a day. QantasLink also operates double daily services from Adelaide. There is a small boat marina populated by a number of dolphins , a sailing club, and a boat ramp on the coastline below Hummock Hill, where there is a fish-cleaning station situated nearby.
Iron ore is exported through an off-shore facility. The industrial and cultural history of Whyalla is accessible to tourists via several museums and public tours. The ship is a retired World War II-era corvette and was the first ship built in the city of Whyalla during the war. It was relocated to the highway in The Whyalla Maritime Museum features various displays commemorating the town's ship building and mining history, including miniature replicas of various ships and a model railway diorama.
Further displays introduce visitors to the region's natural and indigenous cultural histories. Tours of the Whyalla steelworks allow visitors to view the production of long products at the working plant.
Tours departing from the Whyalla Visitors Centre. The town's development and social history is presented at the volunteer-run Mount Laura Homestead National Trust Museum, which is located near the Westlands shopping centre.
In the late s the annual migration of the Australian Giant Cuttlefish Sepia apama to shallow, inshore rocky reef areas in Spencer Gulf north of Whyalla became recognized by divers and marine scientists.
Divers and snorkellers can see the aggregation of animals from May through August each year, in water one to six metres deep. Car parking and boardwalks or stairs to the waters edge are present at each location, making access easy. Dolphins frequent the Whyalla marina, but concerns have been raised that their confidence around humans may increase their vulnerability. With its completion in , a permanent supply of River Murray water became available to the town.
A second pipeline was completed in The other kind of liquid refreshment did not become available on a regular basis until the Jetty Hotel was completed. It was later replaced by a far more imposing Whyalla Hotel. During the late s a blast furnace was erected and a large wharf and harbour installed. Both were completed during The blast furnace had a daily output of tons of pig-iron, all of which went to New South Wales to be converted to steel.
This ship was used as a mine sweeper and for escort, survey and patrol duty. After the war it was sold to Victoria to keep the entrance of Port Phillip Bay clear. It returned to Whyalla in where it is now used as part of a tourist attraction. The Whyalla shipyard became the largest in Australia, eventually employing men. All this activity resulted in a rapid expansion of the work force at BHP and the doubling of the town's population.
They hunted both land and marine animals; however they never included oysters and shellfish in their diet. The Malkaripangala virtually disappeared. The city itself started as a tiny work camp on the shore at the foot of Hummock Hill, in BHP Co. The booming town was proclaimed a city in The steelworks started production in After construction of 66 ships, the Whyalla shipyards closed in On October 28, , the steelworks became an independent company: OneSteel Whyalla Steelworks, in the company name changed to Arrium Ltd.
Construction of the first Morgan to Whyalla pipeline commenced in and was completed in The pipe diameter varies from mm at Morgan to mm at Whyalla and is predominantly above ground on concrete supports. The pipeline has a capacity of mega litres per year and is pumped through four pumping stations over a distance of kilometres.
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